This book rethinks Gulf urbanism by placing the infrastructure, planning and spatial politics of Kuwait at the centre of analysis. Offering an alternative to oil-centred narratives, it examines the impact of British indirect rule on the built environment after the signing of the 1899 Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement. It explores how British indirect rule, regional realignments and land politics reconfigured Kuwait's urban landscape and disrupted longstanding ties to its hinterland.Drawing on extensive research in colonial and local archives, the book focuses on the period from 1904 to 1971, from the arrival of the first Political Agent to the British withdrawal from the Gulf. It shows how indirect rule operated through networks of intermediaries who transferred and adapted a range of administrative and planning models from across the British Empire, playing a central role in shaping urban growth while also negotiating - and sometimes containing - competing spatial futures. By situating Kuwait within imperial networks, trade routes and regional infrastructures, the book offers a new framework for understanding Gulf cities beyond oil.