With the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 having become a drawn-out war of attrition, thoughts are turning to what will follow it. How will a lasting peace settlement be negotiated? Catherine Guisan considers what lessons can be learnt from the processes of peacebuilding in Europe since the Second World War. She examines three precedents of European peacemaking from the past century of conflict: the US Marshall Plan, the project of European integration and the processes that ended the Cold War. In so doing she reveals how the skills and initiatives that maintained peace have gradually become lost and what this means for future conflict resolution, especially peace in Ukraine.