HERMAN J. COHEN served in the U.S. Foreign Service for 38 years, specializing in African and European affairs. During service in Africa, he was posted to U.S. embassies in Uganda, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Senegal and served as the U.S. ambassador to Senegal and the Gambia. During assignments in Washington, he was Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs under President George H. W. Bush; Special Assistant for African Affairs to President Ronald Reagan; and deputy head of the State Department Intelligence Bureau (INR). After retiring from the Foreign Service, Cohen spent five years at the World Bank as Senior Adviser in the Africa Region. Since 1998, Cohen has been active as President of Cohen and Woods, an international consulting firm specializing in assistance to American corporations doing business in Africa. He also taught "U.S. Policy toward Africa" as an adjunct professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.