Maksim Gorky, born Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov on March 28, 1868, in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, is one of the towering figures in Russian literature. Gorky became an orphan at a young age and faced a harsh and impoverished upbringing. This crucible of early suffering informed much of his later work, giving rise to a literary style characterized by its deep empathy for the downtrodden and a propensity for social critique. His pen name, Gorky, aptly means 'bitter' in Russian, reflecting the tone of his writings. His novel 'The Man Who Was Afraid' (also known as 'Foma Gordyeeff') exemplifies Gorky's talent for exploring the human condition, portraying the life of its protagonist with both stark realism and a revolutionary spirit. The narrative lays bare the struggles of the lower classes, a theme Gorky revisits frequently, advocating for social change through literature. As a proponent of the Socialist movement and an associate of Lenin, Gorky's works often interweave political ideology with humanist concerns. His literary style contributed significantly to the development of Socialist Realism. Although he spent significant periods in exile, Gorky's legacy endures, not only through his literary contributions but also in the recognition of his influence on Russian and world literature.