Ivan Illich (1926 - 2002) became a parish priest in New York in 1951. He was appointed vice-rector of the Catholic University in Puerto Rico in 1956. In 1961 he founded CIDOC (Centro Intercultural de Documentación) at Cuernavaca in Mexico where he developed many of the ideas in his books. He is the author of Deschooling Society, Celebration of Awareness, Tools for Conviviality, The Right to Useful Unemployment, Energy and Equity, Shadow Work, Gender, H2O and the Waters of Forgetfulness, ABC: The Alphabetization of the Popular Mind, Disabling Professions, and In the Mirror of the Past.